General Science samples a broad high-school science foundation. Build a clear core in biology, human anatomy, chemistry, physics, and earth and space science, then practice distinguishing closely related terms.
01
Cells, genetics, and life processes
Know cell structures, photosynthesis, respiration, reproduction, and basic inheritance.
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- The nucleus stores DNA; mitochondria release usable energy; ribosomes build proteins.
- Plants perform photosynthesis in chloroplasts and cellular respiration in mitochondria.
- Genes are DNA segments, and alleles are alternative versions of a gene.
02
Human body systems
Connect each organ and system to its main function and interactions with other systems.
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- Red blood cells carry oxygen; white blood cells help defend against infection.
- The small intestine absorbs most nutrients; kidneys filter blood and regulate water balance.
- The nervous system uses electrical signals; the endocrine system uses hormones.
03
Chemistry and matter
Review atoms, the periodic table, bonding, reactions, states of matter, acids, and bases.
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- Atomic number equals the number of protons.
- A pH below 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic.
- Chemical changes form new substances; physical changes do not change chemical identity.
04
Physics and energy
Understand motion, forces, energy transfer, waves, electricity, and heat.
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- A net force causes acceleration; balanced forces do not change motion.
- Kinetic energy is energy of motion; potential energy is stored by position or condition.
- Heat flows naturally from higher temperature to lower temperature.
05
Earth, weather, and space
Study rocks, plate tectonics, the water cycle, atmosphere, seasons, and the solar system.
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- Earthquakes and many volcanoes cluster near tectonic plate boundaries.
- Weather occurs mainly in the troposphere.
- Seasons result from Earth's axial tilt, not large changes in distance from the Sun.